Chimney.



/ No. 791,545. I PATENTED JUNE 6, 1,905; 7

' v D. ID. ELDER, JR.

CHIMNEY APPLICATION FILED DBO. 29, 1904. v

2 SHEETS-SHEETZI t v g t6;

wibmaow I UNITED STATES Patented June 6, 1905.

PATENT! OFFICE.

DAVID D. ELDER, JR, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO MORRISW. KELLOGG, OF ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY, AND W. B. OSGOOD FIELD, OF NEWYORK, N. Y., COMPOSING THE FIRM OF M. W. KELLOGG &

COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

CHIMNEY- SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 791,545, datedJune 6, 1905. Application filed December 29, 1904. Serial No. 238,703.

the borough of Manhattan, city, county, and State of New York, haveinvented -a new and useful Improvement in Chimneys, of which.

the following is a description, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, n wh1ch-" I Figure 1. illustrates a vertical elevation,

partly in section,'of the base and lower part 'of a chimne embodying myinvention. Fig. 2 illustrates a view the same as Fig. 1, but showing thetop or upper part of the chimney 'only. I Fig. 3 illustrates ahorizontal sectional 'view on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4:illustrates a detail showing the invention as applied to a chimney'orstack in which the exterior shell or wall is of steel or other metal. Inthe construction of large chimneys or stacks during recent years it hasbeen customary to erect within the chimney a so-called lining of brickspecially adapted to Withstand the action of heat, so that the life ofthe chimney may be prolonged and also that the destructive effects ofthe'heat, which is sometimes intense, may be confined to the lining, andthus remedied with comparative ease and low cost.

sion and contraction may be reduced to a minimumand also so that repairsmay be lim- In brick chimneys or stacks this horizontal ledge has beenmade by suitably corbeling out, as it is called, fire-brick set in theouter "wall to form the ledge, and in the case of steel or metal stacksmetallic ledges or brackets have been likewise arrangedcircumferentially on the inside of the stack, being riveted or boltedto, and thus supported by, the- 'neys.

, In order that buckling or.

3 distortion'of the lining by reason of expanexterior wall or shell, andupon this ledge or bracket thus formed the lining has been erects edsubstantially the same as in brick chim- In both cases the lining hasextended from the circumferential and horizontal brackets or ledge up towithin a short distance of the one next above, where a space has beenleft between the upper edge of the lining and the superposed ledge orbracket to permit of vertical expansion, thus avoiding buckling ordistortion of the lining. A series of objectionable features attend theconstructions above described, among them the following: In brickchimneys the corbeling out of the brick to produce the circumferentialand horizontal ledges of requisite thickness and strength to support thelining occasions very great thickening of the exterior wall of thechimney where the ledges occur because of the addition of the severalcourses of brick requisite for the'ledges, and since these added coursesare subjected to the expanding influence of the heat,-which is of coursetransmitted through all the courses to the exterior of the chimney, itis inevitable that the expansion at the ledges is greater than at theintermediate parts of the outer wall of the chimney, and the structureis liable to crack adjacent to the ledges.- To-guard against this, ithas sometimes been necessary at great cost and labor to band the chimneywith heavy metal bands opposite the ledges or otherwise reinforce orprotect it, so as to control, as much as possible at least, theexcessive expansion and protect against the action of heat at thosepoints. Another objection is that the air-currents, which are preferablyadmitted between the lining and the outer wall in an air-spaceintentionally left there for its circulation, must necessarily bedischarged into the interior of the stack at each section of the.

discharge of the outside air, which has very large volume whenthechimney is hot, through the open spaces referred to, has the effectof deadening the draft of the chimney, partly because the exterior airis admitted otherwise than through the combustion-chamber and partlybecause it is projected into the stack through the opening between thelining and the ledge with considerable force, tending to knock down orchoke back the column of air and gases passing upward through thechimney. There is also a further objection that in order to supply aircirculation to the several sections of the lining it is necessary tomake holes through the outer wall just above each ledge, and these holesare unsightly and also weaken the chimney and permit rain and snow toenter the structure, whereby injury sometimes arises consequent uponfrost action.

Under my invention I obviate the abovestated objections and secure alined chimney which I believe to be stronger, better, and more permanentthan any heretofore constructed, embodying also all of the advantages ofany form heretofore known.

I will first describe my invention as applied to a brick chimney orstack, and in the form which I have illustrated I assume that the liningextends entirely to the bottom of the chimney, the thick shield orlining of firebrick or abestos material which is sometimes used at thebase of such stacks to withstand the excessive heat of the products ofcombustion as they come immediately from the furnace being omitted. Itwill of course be understood that such shield may be provided in thelowermost section of my chimney, if desired, in which event my newlining will commence from the upper edge of such heavy base shield.

Referring to the drawings, A represents the base, which may be made inany preferred manner; B, the exterior wall, which may be made of suchbrick as preferred.

C represents what I will call step ledges or brackets. They are or maybe of the width of one or more of the lining-brick used in suchconstructions, as preferred, but usually not wider than two or three ofthe superposed lining-brick at the most, and these step ledges orbrackets instead of extending in a horizontal line ring-likecircumferentially of the interior of the chimney are arranged, asillustrated, in a succession of spirally-ascending steps from the bottomof the chimney or from the space where they commence in the chimney,wherever that may be, up to the top thereof or so far up as it isdesired to extend the lining.

D is the lining, which may be formed of the ordinary fire-brick or othersuitable material, as is now the practice. It is supported upon thespirally-ascending step-like ledges or brackets C. The lining extendsupwardly nearly to the corresponding step. or ledge vertically abovethat upon which it rests,

\ ney, is useful for the purpose.

leaving a space E for expansion. This space may be left open; but inorder that the aircurrents circulating between the lining and the outerwall may not be permitted to discharge into the interior of the stack Iprefer to close this opening E in some suitable way, which, however,should not interfere with the expansion of thelining. This closure maybe effected in various ways. I have found that a body of elasticasbestos material F, such as fire-felt, which may be compressed by theexpansion of the lining, yet will return substantially to its originalbulk upon the cooling and consequent contraction of the chim- Aneffective method of applying this asbestos material is to prepare astrip of indefinite length, preferably of pure asbestos fire-felt, ofthe requisite thickness and width to rest upon the upper edge of thelining, which may be placed in position thereon during the building ofthe chimney, the superposed step-like ledges being laid up with thelining, in such manner as to slightly compress the fire-felt cushion orsealing-strip at the time the steps are laid up. I do not limit myself,however, to the employment of asbestos, for other suitable material maybe employed.

It will be noted that in my construction I socure in a very effectivemanner the following important advantages: My lining is not a seetionallining. On the contrary, it is continuous from the bottom to the top,but is arranged after the manner of a spirally-wound ribbon or sheet andyet it is so disposed that I secure all the advantages of a sectionallining, because each vertical run or tier, so to speak, of the lining ofwhatever it may be made has its own provision for vertical expansion.Also in the event of injury occurring at any part only the area affectedneed be taken down for repair, the same as the horizontal or cylindricalsections now in use. Also i entirely obviate the very serious structuraldefects above referred to, because owing to my brackets being arrangedstep-like in spirally-ascending lines there is not sufficient thickeningof the brickwork at any one place to cause a rupturing or damagingeffect upon the outer wall, because the mortar used in building suchchimneys has sufficient elasticity to permit the requisite expansion ofthe relatively small individual steps composing my ledges, and there isconsequently no concentration of expansion at any one place. Thus nopossibility of injurious expansion exists, because my individualstep-like ledges are so small in area and embody so little material.Also the cooling air-currents, which I may admit to the bottom of thechimney through the air-spaces H, ascend through the continuous spiralairspaces between the lining and the chimney proper with a whirlingmovement from its bottom to the top and are there discharged at theopening I at the top of the lining near the its own bracket or ledge,and there is no ne-- cessity for additional thickness or strength at thebottom of the stack to support the superposed lining, as is the casewhere the sectional system is not employed.

In Fig. 4 I show one form of construction in which my invention may beapplied to steel chimneys. a represents the metallic outer shell orwall; 6, a series of step-like ledges, shown as ascending spirally upthrough the interior of the stack, as before. The steps are shown asbolted or riveted to the exterior shell a by bolts 0. I do not show thelining in this drawing. Its construction and location upon the steps isobvious from what has heretofore been stated, and in this Fig. 4: thesection or piece of the exterior shell 0; is shown flat instead ofconcave, as would be the case in the actual construction, for the sakeof simplicity and clearness' in the drawings.

It will be obvious to those who are familiar with this art thatmodifications may be made in the details of construction of my inventionwithout departing from the essentials thereof. I therefore do not limitmyself to such details. For example, instead of having the step-likeledges arranged in a continuouslyascending spiral line they may ascendfor a considerable series of steps and then descend, the ascending anddescending being repeated as many times as desired. This form has thedisadvantage of not permitting continuous air circulation, butnevertheless by it will be realized one important feature of myinvention the distribution of strain because of the nonconcentration ofexcessive material at any one point or on any one line, thus dividingthe expansion of the ledges into as many small and consequentlynon-injurious portions as ther are individual step-ledges. I

I .claim 1. A chimney embodying an outer wall and an interior liningresting upon a series of spirally-ascending ledges supported by theouter wa 2. A chimney embodying an outer wall, an interior liningresting upon a series of ledges supported by theouter wall, andcushioning material interposed between the upper edge of the lining andthe superposed ledges.

3. A chimney embodying an outer wall, an interior lining resting upon aseries of spi rally-ascending ledges supported by the outer wall and aspiral air-space between the lining and the outer wall.

4:. A chimney embodying an outer wall, an interior lining resting upon aseries of ledges supported by the outer wall, an air-space between thelining and the outer wall, and means to prevent or retard the air in theair-space from entering the interior of the chimney.

5. A chimney embodying an outer wall' and a continuous spirally-arrangedinterior lining suitably supported by the outer wall.

6. A chimney embodying an outer wall, a continuous spirally-arrangedinterior lining suitably supported by the outer wall, and a continuousspiral air-space between the lining and the wall.

7. In a chimney a series of spirally-ascending ledges or steps upon theinside of the chimney adapted to support a lining. I

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

- D. D. ELDER, JR. -Witnesses:

' PHILLIPS ABBOTT, F. M. DOUSBAGH. 7

